Cognitive Dissonance - 1266 Words

Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance or mental stress which is primarily caused by contradictory beliefs, can be a common part of some peoples life’s however we are psychologically motivated to avoid situations which cause mental stress. This paper will discuss a situation and the behavior using attribution theory, the reciprocal relationship between behavior and attitudes as well as how cognitive dissonance theory could be used to rationalize the behavior. Situation and Subsequent Behavior Richard is driving along a lonely road late at night after working late that day. He has a 4-year-old daughter who he has not spent much time with the entire week because of the long project that makes him work late. Similarly, he has not†¦show more content†¦It is however worth noting that other factors also come into play concerning this relationship between behavior and attitudes (Albarracin et al. 2014). For instance, an individual’s behavior or attitudes can further be shaped by their social or cultural setting. For instance in a case whereby an individual is raised to believe that people in a given ethnic community or race are hostile or violent, the individual will automatically behave in a protective manner when around people from the particular ethnic group or race. In Richard’s scenario, he may have approached the situation with the attitude that people who walk alone in the dark are either criminals or drunkards ad thus they are mostly up to no good. This attitude may have further influenced his behavior to speed up his car without bothering to know who the man was or what had happened to him. On the other hand, Richard’s behavior may have shaped his attitude as well. The fact that he simply drove away without finding out what had happened to the man may have shaped his attitudes to the extent that he would most likely do the same when faced with a similar situation again. How Cognitive Dissonance Theory could be used to Rationalize the Behavior Sanderson (2009) reveals that the cognitive dissonance theory is a social psychology theory whose main proponent wasShow MoreRelatedCognitive Dissonance1161 Words   |  5 PagesPsych Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive dissonance theory has been around since the late fifties. It has inspired many psychologists to figure out the murky depths of people’s minds. The theory relates strongly to decision making, social phenomenons and mental angst. Many paradigms exist within cognitive dissonance. Two important paradigms are the Belief Disconfirmation paradigm and the Free Choice paradigm. There are several experiments that have been studied that relate to cognitive dissonance, includingRead More Cognitive Dissonance Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagessocial event. While deciding to go to the party instead, it leads me in a state of tension as the party time can be well spent on studying for the final exam next morning. This state of uneasiness or tension is easily understood as Cognitive Dissonance. Cognitive Dissonance Theory, developed by Leon Festinger (1957), is concerned with the relationships among cognitions (Festinger, 1957). In this context, cognition can be perceived as a piece of knowledge that may inscribe an element of an attitude,Read MoreCognitive Dissonance Theory1621 Words   |  7 Pagescreated the cognitive dissonance theory as an attempt to explain why people desire to have consistency between their behaviors and actions. Cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state people feel when they find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold (Festinger, 1957; as cited in Griffin, 2009). Thus, people are motivated to change either their behavior or their belief when feelings of dissonance arise. Read MoreCognitive Dissonance Paper1671 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The words Cognitive Dissonance were fascinatingly interesting; therefore more research went into the origin of these two words. Both words are Middle English, which was the English in use from 12th to 15th centuries and both used in the 15th century [ (Merriam-Webster, 2011) ]. Cognitive is an adjective meaning, there is physical activity involving the mind; be it: thinking, reasoning or remembering. Dissonance is a noun meaning, when there is a tug-of- war between one’s actions andRead MoreAssignment on Cognitive Dissonance1417 Words   |  6 PagesTheory Paper on Cognitive Dissonance Theory â€Å"Sometimes people hold a core belief that is very strong. When they are presented with evidence that works against that belief, the new evidence cannot be accepted. It would create a feeling that is extremely uncomfortable, called cognitive dissonance. And because it is so important to protect the core belief, they will rationalize, ignore and even deny anything that doesn t fit in with the core belief.† ― Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, WhiteRead More Cognitive Dissonance Theory Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The theory of Cognitive Dissonance states that when individuals are presented with information that implies we act in a way that contradicts our moral standards, we experience discomfort (Aronson, Wilson, and Akert, 1998, P. 191). This is considered Cognitive Dissonance, A psychological term used to describe mental conflict that occurs when beliefs or assumptions are contradicted by new information; arouses unease or tension; relieved by one of several defensive maneuvers:Read MoreCognitive Dissonance1475 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance Consistency, the absence of contradictions, has sometimes been called the hallmark of ethics. Ethics is supposed to provide an individual with a guide for moral living, and to do so it must be rational, and to be rational it must be free of contradictions. When consistency and ethics are compromised, this is known as cognitive dissonance. Leon Festinger shared his brilliance with the world when he created the Cognitive Dissonance theoryRead MoreCognitive Dissonance And Its Effect On Behavior1654 Words   |  7 PagesPeople experience cognitive dissonance when they perceive that there is a mismatch between their attitudes and behaviors. Because we are motivated to keep our cognitions consistent, the inconsistency brought about by dissonance becomes a drive that must be reduced. This is done by changing either the attitude or the behavior such that they may accurately align with each other. Eventually, the New Look model to dissonance will shift the causal path to an explanation using avoidance of aversive consequencesRead MoreThe Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Essay example877 Words   |  4 Pagestheory of cognitive dissonance started as a very simple observation by Leon Festinger that people do not like to deal with inconsistency. This simple observation led to the development of a theory that became very controversial, and it would be this controversy that propelled the theory forward. Many years of research has led to many different ideas of what cognitive dissonance really is and why it actually occurs. Festinger developed the term cognitions while developing his theory on cognitive dissonanceRead MoreActions Caused by Cognitive Dissonance Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesFestinger’s cognitive dissonance theory that asserts that we act to reduce discomfort or dissonance, an unpleasant tension, we experience when two of our thoughts or cognitions are inconsistent. Mkimmie, et al. (2003) investigated the impact of social support on cognitive dissonance arousal in their experiment, â€Å"I’m a Hypocrite, but So Is Everyone Else: Group Support and the Reduction of Cognitive Dissonance.† The psychologists aimed to test the impact of social support on dissonance by testing two

All Members Of Congress And Fellow Americans - 969 Words

To all my members of Congress and fellow Americans: Today I will be addressing some of the issues that are happening in today’s society and set a plan as to how we as Americans have to come together for the better and make a change. This country has grown tremendously in many areas since we’ve experienced our last financial crisis. During our time of crisis there were many doubters who said that we could not make America great again and stating that we Americans were misguided. I believe that we have proved them wrong with the growth of the economy and deficits being cut by two-thirds. This economy has touched so many lives through the rise of wages and growing job opportunities. The goal here now is to aim at working on common concerns such as the criminal justice reform, finding a cure and having more studies for those battling incurable illnesses, and protecting our rights as American citizens. As your president of the United States of America, I believe in giving everyone a fair chance as well as a second chance . With that being said, I believe there’s a need to reduce the mandatory minimum for non-violent offenders that are in the prison system. There should be no reason that a convicted sex offender should be released to society within a minimum of 5 years and the drug offenders must serve a minimum of 10 years or more depending on the level of the offense. These adjustments should not only be applied to the state mandatory minimums, but also to the federalShow MoreRelatedWhy Are Citizens Holding Congress?1275 Words   |  6 PagesConstitution, the Legislative branch or better known as Congress, is responsible for making laws. Though trusted with this power, Congress does not effectively execute this action due to their inability to work together and make decisions on bills. Due to this indecisiveness, Congress is constantly being slammed in the media and is beginning to be referred to as the immature branch of government. Their indecisiveness is also dissatisfying American citizens making many citizens hold them in contemptRead MoreThe Freedom Of Privacy Act1078 Words   |  5 Pagesvoted by congress will give us back those rights. We will also be taking any question about the act if there are any. Transition: In order to be able to have this vote, allow me to explain what the Freedom of Privacy Act is. BODY I. Our main goal is to inform and persuade people that we need to take action on government intrusion of our privacy. The Freedom of Privacy act is a new law that is design to keep those in the federal government out of the lives of its citizens. A. As Americans, we are grantedRead MoreTax Reform Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesPresident as recently drafted a new bill that is supposed to be helpful to Americans. He claims three things with this bill to raise wages and bring jobs home, bring fair taxes for hardworking Americans â€Å"The unified framework will cut taxes and put in place a fair tax code for American workers† (Whitehouse.gov), and to create easy taxas for hardworking Americans â€Å"The unified framework will make taxes easy for hardworking Americans and let them recover the hours wasted on filing complicated forms† (WhitehouseRead MoreEssay The Creation of the American Republicn - James Madison1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Creation of the American Republicn - James Madison James Madison prided himself on his knowledge from books and theories. Madison was born into a class of Virginia planters. His father was the wealthiest landowner in Virginia and it was known that Madison would lead a financially secure life. This factor helped him in his pursuit of education. He gained opportunities to go to elite schools because of his status. Madison was ambitious and he graduated from the College of New Jersey a year earlyRead MoreSummary Of Lyndon B Johnsons Voting Rights Speech993 Words   |  4 Pagesshall overcome, borrowed from African American leaders struggling for equal rights to deliver a speech to congress. The speech was made on Monday, March 15, 1965, a A week after the brutal beatings of black protesters in Selma, Alabama, marching to protest the voting rights discrimination President Johnson decided to put a stop to the violence. In March of 1965 then president Lyndon B Johnson delivered a speech to congress asking for the rights of African Americans (Negros) to vote. While it was saidRead MoreEssay about Biography of George Washington1369 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Washington an American Hero The Revolutionary War proved to be the most important experience in the transition of Washingtons history. The war made George Washington, a man to be revered in history, and helped transform him into a symbol of a new republic and its principles. George Washington is the Founding Father of our nation. The American Revolution was a result of a series of social, political changes, within American society. Washington played an important political and military positionRead MoreIdeologies And Political Parties Of North Carolina Representatives.1162 Words   |  5 Pageshouse of representatives along with the two senate seats given to every state. As a state, North Carolina has elected representatives identifying primarily as republicans, with few democrats in Congress, a common distribution in states today with a Conservative Republican President and Republican-Majority Congress. In the House of Representatives, George Butterfield, George Holding, Walter Jones, David Price, Virginia Foxx, Mark Walker, David Rouzer, Richard Hudson, Robert Pittenger, Patrick McHenry,Read MoreThe Role Of Committee On The Government724 Words   |  3 Pages100th, and 111th Congresses, and found majority-party members that neared the floor median tended to be more successful in securing the passage of am endments. Through my knowledge of the Committee on Rules, I will attempt to play the role of kingmaker in the House of Representatives, and reduce partisanship within it. During the last legislative session, one issue the Committee on Rules dealt with was standardizing a procedure regarding Congress considering miscellaneous tariff bills. Introduced toRead MoreCongressional Agencies And Public Office1573 Words   |  7 PagesPOS 4424 Assignment One Members of congress are faced with many tough decisions during their time in public office. They have to balance the interest of their constituencies with the interests of outside influences such as political parties, special interest groups, or national interests. These interests are rarely aligned and require tough decisions to be made when voting. When preparing to vote on a major issue congress members are inundated with different opinions sent in by email, mail, phoneRead MoreThe Government Into A Viable Operating Legislation1345 Words   |  6 PagesIf James Madison were here today he would be pleased to see how his thinking has molded the government into a viable operating legislation. Using the policy procedures depicted in All Roads Lead to Congress: the $300 billion fight over highway funding by Costas Panagopoulos and Joshua Schank, this essay will identify key areas within the amendment process of the â€Å"Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equi ty Act – A Legacy for Users† (SAFETEA-LU), where James Madison’s beliefs

Effects of Music free essay sample

Music can control a much larger part of your life than most people would like to believe. Music can affect us in ways in which were not even aware of, and for this reason, music is simply amazing. There is a large number of studies behind music. Not even just the typical music you hear on the radio or that you download from the Internet, but any sounds and the way they can affect your mood and reflect your personality.It has been proven that certain types of music can evoke sadness, while others can give you an excitement. Music is used in millions of places for this reason. Advertisements. Advertisements and movies are based around the audio! Certain types of music are more likely to evoke emotions in people which will In turn make them feel a certain way. Sometimes this is great for producers in the economy because they can use music in their advertisements to help produce more profits, because people will become much more interested In the products that theyre offering. This works the same in the film industry. The film industry is interested in inflicting some sort of mood on its audience. If a movie is able to inflict an emotion Into people, then the movie Is looked upon as a much better movie, and therefore Is more likely to make more money. Music can really affect more parts of the economy than you would ever even take into consideration. One amazing thing, that Im sure youve never even stopped to think about, Is the music In a casino. They tend to play very uplifting music, music that will make you want to stay longer.Theoretically, the longer you stay in a casino, the more money the casino will make from you. The casino wants to keep you In their business for as long as they can. Music Is one way the owners can go about this. Another irrelevant yet interesting method they have is to release scents that cause people to become more satisfied with what theyre doing, and will make them In turn be more comfortable In the environment and want to stay longer, making the casino more money in the long run. Pop, lighter rock, and most dance music tends to be a very uplifting type of music.If youre ever looking for a booster, listen to some of this mussel I actually enjoy listening to this music every day before going to take classes, because it lifts my spirit and helps me make it through the day. Downbeat music such as death metal and rap music tends to affect peoples motions In a much darker form. However, this Is all personal preference and you cannot base all of this on my opinion. Overall, music has a much greater affect on you than you would believe. Experiment. Listen to new music all the time. See what music gives you chills down your spine.See what music you cant understand and hate. Theres something out there for everyone. The Effects of Music In some way, music affects everyone. Whether it is, a young girls favorite song on the radio, a college students escape from reality or a form of entertainment to a married couple, music brings everyone together. Music definitely affects the lifestyles of people in many different ways. The diverse styles of music makes people look and act differently. Music has many different levels. To me, levels meaning; the extreme. Music creates style. It causes people to talk, act, and dress the way they do.I hope to discover how much music influences people, especially college students. Also, the more fascinated they are the more influences it has to them. I would like to prove, that to some, music is nothing more than the pop song playing on the radio in the car, and to others, it is a major part of their life. It is very interesting to me, to earn the effects music has toward people. Music impacts everyone in some way (positive or negative), but I think it impacts college students the most. I would like to know the reasons people are listening to music they buy and support.Also, the reasons certain groups are more popular than others. I used a couple various methods of research to conduct my research. I wrote up ten surveys with some questions about gender, age, what they buy, do they attend concerts, and do they support local music. I passed these surveys out to completely random students so there was no imbalance of the results. I hope to find out certain things like: are males affected more than females from music; who buys more clothing/ accessories; is local music important to college students. Another form of research was done by making some observations.I observed places that college students live. I observed a few of my friends apartments very closely and also observed a couple other houses that I was invited to over the past month. By doing this, I hope to generalize what they like and how it influences them. For example, posters of music groups hanging everywhere will indicate a more of an influence than paintings, by say Picasso. Clothing, Jewelry, and actual speech from people may also provide some interesting details. While making these observations, I had also done a couple interviews.A couple were formal, sit-down interviews and the others were Just conversations that I thought would be helpful to making my research complete. After giving some thought to my results, I decided to add a section about my personal history. Throughout my life music has affected me in many different ways. It has helped me through some very important decisions, such as, how I feel, who I am with, where I am going to go. When I was ten years old, I got my first guitar. It was an acoustic guitar. I loved to play it, but dreaded going to the lessons. My parents forced me because I couldnt play a single note.After a year or two things started to come together and I could play some songs. Then I decided to purchase an electric guitar. For me, this was the greatest thing to ever happen to me. I played everyday at any time that I could. My favorite group was the Beastie Boys. My friends and I would pretend we were them and put on shows pretending to be them. As I got older, I would purchase any music that I could; cassette tapes, records, videos, posters, anything that dealt with music. Around seventh or eighth grade, I purchased a used drum set. My other friends all played, so we decided to form a band.We would practice in the garage as much as often until my parents said enough, until it became an obsession. We played a couple of parties (nothing big, because this was the eighth grade), but still a major part of my life at the time. One day during practice, I remember my good friend, the lead singer, telling me booked a real gig, in downtown Pittsburgh. We got a set ready and about a month to Most people there were friends and family, but still a nice turnout. Since then I event been playing in a band, but still love making music. Most of my friends are really into music too.We swap music with each other and talk about it all the time. En I switched schools in high school, music really helped me make some friends. Introit music my life would be totally different and a lot more boring, so Im glad it turned out this way. I am very happy with the results that I got from the surveys. There were ten surveys filled out. Of the ten, six were females and four were males. Eight of the ten all liked rap/hip hop music or said rap along with some other forms. The other two liked rock, punk, or memo. No one put classic rock as their choice (which I found to be ere interesting, because I like classic rock). There were two other questions I found to be very much related. Everyone that collects music, any form, (CD, cassette tape, or mainly) has clothing and/or accessories that support music, for instance, posters, T- shirts, and hats. Four out often said they regularly attend concerts. I was very pleased to hear that eight often support local musicians/bands. I am a music lover, Assai you know) so the local scene is very important to me. Here is a graph I constructed from the surveys. Females Males The interviews came out to be very useful also. I talked too music lover/musician/ collector.His name was Neil and he was very cooperative. We talked about the unusual styles of music he liked. He has a very wide range of music in his collection. En talked about some of his favorite artists, some being Pittsburgh based groups. He loves live music and goes to as many shows as possible. He said its hard to get to places without a car and with classes He also said l Just saw The Roots play for my sixth time last week, at a little place in Oakland. We were talking about how they are definitely one of his favorites, if he had to pick. I asked him why he was so into music.He replied Its a stress reliever. It takes my mind off school, work, and peoples pettiness. Another interview that I performed was not as formal. This one was with my dad at the dinner table. It was pretty short and to the point. I asked him if he likes music. He said No. I then asked him if he ever listens to it and he said No, when I am in the car I listen to the news or talk radio and when Im home Im either working or Matching TV. After doing this research, I realized that by doing interviews you can really feel the emotion from the answers compared to reading a survey.I think that Interviews did help me make certain things easier to understand on the survey. Ere Effects of Music on Peoples Emotions ay Rachel Mattson, owe Contributor , last updated July 02, 2012 Movie producers and recording artists use music to manipulate the emotions of audiences to feel ;everything from excitement to sadness during movies and performances. No one can However, music therapy or the study of musics impact on emotions examines how music cause positive changes in listeners and patients for areas including early childhood development, healing and recovery, and overcoming negative emotions. Early Childhood Development * Music plays an important role in early childhood emotional and intellectual development, according to information compiled by Brad Kennedy and Jennifer Durst. Their research confirms that even while in the womb, babies can tell the differences between certain types of music. Also called prenatal stimulation this technique has many positive effects including higher levels of intelligence and creativity, along with the ability to calm down when listening to music.Suggested usages for music in early childhood development include teaching children to analyze songs so they can learn how to express and identify their emotions, though processes, behaviors and situations as a way of developing cognitive and motor skills. Healing and Recovery * The American Music Therapy Organization states music therapy can allow emotional intimacy with families and caregivers, relaxation for the entire family, and meaningful time spent together in a positive, creative way. Add itional studies show that music therapy can cause changes in physiology by releasing brain chemicals including melatonin, morphophonemic, epinephrine, serotonin and protraction, which elf to reduce depression, regulate mood and make patients feel calm and more able to sleep. Doctors have used music therapy to help stroke, cerebral palsy and Parkinson patients improve. DRP. Suzanne Hasher says head trauma and dementia patients retain music ability because deep in our long-term memory is this rehearsed music. It is processed in the emotional part of the brain, the magical.Heres where you remember the music played at your wedding, the music of your first love, that first dance. Such things can still be remembered even in people with progressive diseases. It can be a window, a way to reach them. Negative Emotions and Fear Management * DRP. Kibitzing Eucharist, from the Medical Academy of Warsaw, has studied the effects of music when used for fear management in dental patients. He discovered that children who listened to 30 minutes of music preceding and following dental procedures were less likely to experience negative feelings.Another study, Quantification of the effects of listening to music as a noninvasive method of pain control, conducted in 1992 found that relaxing music helped to reduce anxiety and pain in patients undergoing certain medical procedures including painful homological procedures and pediatric surgical burn units. How Music Affects Us and Promotes Health Music is one of the few activities that involves using the whole brain. It is intrinsic to all cultures and can have surprising benefits not only for learning language, improving memory and focusing attention, but also for physical coordination and development.Of course, music can be distracting if its too loud or too Jarring, or if it competes fo r our attention with what were trying to do. But for the most part, exposure to many kinds of music has beneficial effects: 1 Music heals Effective therapy for pain educe both the sensation and distress of both chronic pain and postoperative pain. Listening to music can reduce chronic pain from a range of painful conditions, including osteoarthritis, disc problems and rheumatoid arthritis, by up to 21% and depression by up to 25%, according to a paper in the latest UK-based Journal of Advanced Nursing.Music therapy is increasingly used in hospitals to reduce the need for medication during childbirth, to decrease postoperative pain and complement the use of anesthesia during surgerys. There are several theories about how music positively affects perceived pain: * 1. Music serves as a distract * 2. Music may give the patient a sense of control * 3. Music causes the body to release endorphins to counteract pain * 4.Slow music relaxes person by slowing their breathing and heartbeat Reducing blood pressure ay playing recordings of relaxing music every morning and evening, people with high blood pressure can train themselves to lower their blood pressure and keep it IOW. According to research reported at the American Society of Hypertension meeting in New Orleans, listening to Just 30 minutes of classical, Celtic or raga music every day may significantly reduce high blood pressure. Medicine for the heart music is good for your heart. Research shows that it is musical tempo, rather than style.Italian and British researchers recruited young men and women, half of Noon were trained musicians. The participants slipped on head phones and listened to six styles of music, including rap and classical pieces, with random two-minute pauses. As the participants kicked back and listened, the researchers monitored their breathing, heart rates and blood pressure. The participants had faster heart and breathing rates when they listened to lively music. When the musical slowed, so did their heart and breathing rates. Some results were surprising. During the musical pauses, heart and breathing rates normalized or reached more optimal levels.Neither or not a person liked the style of music did not matter. The tempo, or pace, of the music had the greatest effect on relaxation. Speeds Post-stroke Recovery A daily portion of ones favorite pop melodies, classical music or Jazz can speed recovery from debilitating strokes, according to the latest research. When stroke patients in Finland listened to music for a couple of hours each day, verbal memory and attention span improved significantly compared to patients who received no casual stimulation, or who listened only to stories read out loud, the study reporters. Chronic headaches ; migraine remedy Music can help migraine and chronic headache sufferers reduce the intensity, frequency, and duration of the headaches. Music boosts immunity Music can boost the immune function. Scientists explain that a particular type of music can create a positive and profound emotional experience, which leads to secretion of immune-boosting hormones. This helps contribute to a reduction in the factors responsible for illness. Listening to music or singing can also decrease levels of stress-related hormone cortical.Higher levels of cortical can lead to a decreased immune response-24. Effects of music on the brain Music enhances intelligence, learning and IQ Ere idea that music makes you smarter received considerable attention from make you learn better. And research confirms this. Music has the power to enhance some kinds of higher brain function: * Reading and literacy skills 1-13 * Spatial-temporal reasoning-15 * Mathematical abilities-17 Even children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder benefit in mathematics tests from listening to music beforehand. Emotional intelligence Ere Mozart effect Earlier it has been thought that listening to classical music, particularly Mozart, enhances performance on cognitive tests. However, recent findings show that listening to any music that is personally enjoyable has positive effects on cognition. Music improves memory performance Ere power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Mozart music and baroque music, with a 60 beats per minute beat pattern, activates the left and right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action maximizes learning and retention of information. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. Also, activities which engage both sides of the brain at the same time, such as playing an instrument or singing, cause the brain to be more capable of processing information. Listening to music facilitates the recall of Informational. Researchers have shown that certain types of music are a great keys for recalling memories. Information learned while listening to a particular song can often be recalled simply by playing the songs mentally.Musical training has even better effect than Just listening to classical music. There is clear evidence, that Children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children No have no musical training. Note: For learning or memory performance, its important that music doesnt have a vocal component; otherwise youre more likely to remember the words of the background song than what youre supposed to be recalling. Music improves concentration and attention Easy listening music or relaxing classics improves the duration and intensity of concentration in all age groups and ability levels.Its not clear what type of music is better, or what kind of musical structure is necessary to help, but many studies have shown significant effects. Music improves physical performance Music improves athletic performance Choosing music that motivates you will make it easier to start moving, walking, dancing, or any other type of exercise that you enjoy. Music can make exercise feel more like recreation and less like work. Furthermore, music enhances athletic performances-8! Anyone who has ever gone on a long run with their pod or taken a particularly energetic spinning class knows that music can make t he time pass more quickly.The four central hypotheses explaining musics facilitation of exercise performance include: * Reduction in the feeling of fatigue * Increase in levels of psychological arousal Physiological relaxation response * Improvement in motor coordination Music improves body movement and coordination Music reduces muscle tension and improves body movement and coordination-26. Functioning in the rehabilitation of persons with movement disorders. Music helps to work more productively Fatigue fighter Listening to upbeat music can be a great way to find some extra energy.Music can effectively eliminate exercise-induced fatigue and fatigue symptoms caused by monotonous work. Keep in mind that listening to too much pop and hard rock music can make you more Jittery than energize. Vary what you listen to and find out hat type of music is most beneficial for you. You could try classical music one day, pop the next day and Jazz the third. Music improves productivity Many people like to listen to music while they work and I am certainly one of them. How about you? Did you know you can perform better at your work with music?Whilst there may be many reasons for wishing to listen to music in the workplace, it really improves your productivity! According to a report in the Journal Neuroscience of behavior and Physiology, a persons ability to recognize visual images, including teeters and numbers, is faster when either rock or classical music is playing in the background. Music calms, relaxes and helps to sleep Relaxing music induces sleep Relaxing classical music is safe, cheap and easy way to beat insomniac . Many people ho suffer from insomnia find that Bach music helps them.Researchers have shown that Just 45 minutes of relaxing music before bedtime can make for a restful nights. Relaxing music reduces sympathetic nervous system activity, decreases anxiety, blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate and may have positive effects on sleep via useless relaxation and distraction from thoughts. Music reduces stress and aids relaxati on Listening to slow, quiet classical music, is proven to reduce stress. Countless studies have shown that musics relaxing effects can be seen on anyone, including newborns. One of the great benefits of music as a stress reliever is that it can be used while you do your usual deeds so that it really doesnt take time. How does music reduces stress? * Physical relaxation. Music can promote relaxation of tense muscles, enabling you to easily release some of the tension you carry from a stressful day. * Aids in stress relief activities. Music can help you get into the zone when practicing yoga, self hypnosis or guided imagery, can help you feel energize when exercising and recover after exercising, help dissolve the stress when youre soaking in the tub. Reduces negative emotions. Music, especially upbeat tunes, can take your mind off Nat stresses you, and help you feel more optimistic and positive. This helps release stress and can even help you keep from getting as stressed over lifes little frustrations in the future. Researchers discovered that music can decrease the amount of the cortical, a stress-related hormone produced by the body in response o stress. Music improves mood and decreases depression Prescription for the blues Musics ability to heal the soul is the stuff of legend in every culture.Many people find that music lifts their spirits. Modern research tends to confirm musics psychotherapeutic benefits. Bright, cheerful music (e. G. Mozart, Vivaldi, bluegrass, Nays Music Can Mess With the Human Brain ay: C. Seville, Kathy Benjamin February 11, 2011 1,619,046 views The entire reason music exists is because of its almost magical ability to push your buttons. An upbeat song gets you going, a sad song makes you cry and drink. But the more science tidies musics effect on the human brain, the more bizarre things we discover.For instance It Changes Your Ability to Perceive Time old music the stuff you hear on the line when you call everyone from the bank to {our local bail bond agency didnt fall into Americas phone lines by accident. Its designed specifically to reduce the amount of time you think youre waiting, so that [Oer less likely to hang up in anger. Other places that involve waiting, such as doctors offices, use a similar trick. Time shrinkage is also the aim of most retail stores, which is why youll rarely enter a mall, supermarket or clothing store without earning some sort of music in the background.How the hell does music do that? Or understand why exactly music makes it seem like less time has passed, think of the human brain as a mountain lion that is eating a bag of money. It doesnt matter Nat the zookeepers distract it with food, shiny objects or Just shouting and yelling. All that matters is that they give another zookeeper the chance to sneak up and retrieve the money while the lion is busy deciding which one of them to eat. Similarly, En your brain is steadily distracted, youll be less likely to notice things around you in detail, and this includes the passage of time.Our brains have limited input capacity, and when something else is using up that capacity, were less likely to think things like, Ive been standing in line to get Richard Molls autograph for three goddamn hours or Do I really need t his Garfield alarm clock? But it works the opposite way, too. In some situations, listening to music can actually expand perceived time. For example, listening to music while performing tasks that require concentration will usually cause us to overestimate the amount of time that has passed.The theory is that as your mind switches back and forth between perception f the music and concentration on the challenging tasks, it forms separate events, or distinct memories. When your brain thinks about what youve been doing for the past hour, youll remember more of these events and recall that the hour was quite long. Experiments have found that time also expands when were listening to familiar music that we dislike. When we hear the opening chords of a song, our brain remembers the whole thing and immediately skips ahead and plays it mentally.This fake mind-music is extremely vivid, working on exactly the same parts of the brain as actual music does. So the effect is that you take a few moments to vividly imagine that youre sitting through five minutes of that damn New Radicals song before you come back to reality only to r ealize that you still actually have to sit through it. #4. It Taps Into Primal Fear K, imagine how you would sound for a second if you saw your friend Jason across the street and wanted to get his attention by yelling his name.Now imagine you see {Our friend Jason across the street, suddenly realize a car is careening down the road about to hit him, and shout his name to warn him. Despite the fact that you are different. Human beings have a very good, very nuanced sense of what kind of noise indicates a greeting and what kind of noise indicates you are about to be mauled by honey badger. And that sense is being used against you in every scary movie you have ever seen. There is a reason that horror films scare the crap out of us, and its not Just the creepy settings, dramatic buildup and sudden reveal of the bad guy RIGHT BEHIND YOU. Its the music. How the hell does music do that? There are certain sounds that humans will automatically associate with sudden and painful death because they tap into our evolutionary fear of the screams of other animals (and other human beings). Screams of fear in almost any animal are made Jp of what scientists have dubbed discordant noises. Any noise that makes you feel ere unpleasant falls into this category. We know if we hear other living things making those discordant noises that we have to get the buck out, because something bad is going to happen.Movie directors know this and make good use of it when deciding on the score for a film. That dramatic buildup and subsequent scary reveal IS almost always accompanied by really freaky music or somebody screaming his ass Off (or both). But this technique is hardly limited to horror movies. For instance, in his original draft of The Social Network, Andy Sorting wanted a song called Love of the Common People to play over the opening credits scene. Heres what that would have looked like: That poppy calypso music makes you feel that everything is dandy.Sure, Mark Seersucker has Just been dumped, but its all K! Hes running through the Harvard campus and is about to invent Faceable and become a billionaire. Hay! Listen to that lower-level background music throughout. It sounds like random, angry notes played behind a simple piano tune, and those notes are creating discordant sound. Suddenly youre apprehensive, feeling like something really bad is about to happen Were talking getting sued for $64 million bad). So next time youre getting a little too freaked out by a movie, remember that muting the television is a far better decision than looking away. 3. It Makes You Stronger Its no secret that many people prefer to listen to music when they work out. But music doesnt Just make physical activity more pleasant it actually makes our hysterical performance measurably better. When listening to music, people are able to hold heavy weights for longer than when theyre standing in silence. They can also omelet sprints in smaller amounts of time and are even able to reduce their oxygen intake. How the hell does music do that? Similar to the time-perception effect we referenced above, one element is Just plain old distraction. Obviously, if your mind is listening to music, its not thinking about how much your legs hurt or how much longer youve got to run before the treadmill makes that final beeping noise. But theres much more to it than that. First, theres synchronicity. When you match your movements to a steady musical tempo, you spend less time and effort on the inefficient slowing down and speeding up that appends when youre going by your own rhythm. Music also increases the incidence of flow states states of meditation-like calm in which everything works right for an Ho feel less pain.Patients listening to music after surgery need less sedatives, report less pain and have lower blood pressure. As if thats not impressive enough, doctors have found that specially selected melodic music dramatically reduces stress n patients during unseated brain surgery. In some cases, music caused patients to relax so much that many of them fell into a deep sleep, while people sliced into their exposed brains with bucking scalpels. And even if youre lucky enough to be asleep during surgery, theres a good chance the doctors working on you are listening to music, since most surgeons believe it improves their performance, too.So the next time youre about to go under a general anesthetic, consider the fact that the guy Ninth the scalpel might soon be timing his incisions to Whitewashes. #2. It Changes Your Drinking Habits Did you ever wake up in the back of a taxi after a long night of tossing down cognac and prune Juice and wonder how your pants got replaced by a thick but clumsily applied coat of colorful body paint? Well, now theres something to blame it on asides your bad childhood: music. What they play in the bar doesnt Just affect how much you drink, but what you drink.How the hell does music do that? Did you know you can make a person buy more expensive wine Just by playing classical music? Experiments prove it. It makes people feel like theyre in a wine commercial or in a movie depicting refined, snooty rich people. K, that one sort of makes sense we doubt anyone ever drank Wild Irish Rose while listening to Vivaldi. But in another blind study, different types of music playing in the background caused drinkers to change how theyd described the drinks they already had.Laid-back music led people to rate drinks as mellow, and upbeat music resulted in more people calling their drinks refreshing. Even stranger, in another study researchers placed German and French wines in supermarkets, with small flags next to each display so customers could tell which countries they came from. They then played some unobtrusive international music in the background. When German music was played, the percentage of German sales rose, and vice versa. This wasnt because customers thought to themselves, Ah! Germany! I will celebrate the Fatherland with some nice wine!Questionnaires showed that customers couldnt recall what type of music was playing and thought theyd chosen a particular wine simply because theyd felt like it. The people selling you the drinks know all of this stuff or at least, the successful ones do. Weve pointed out before that bars and nightclubs often play fast music to increase alcohol-based profit. But other establishments, particularly upscale restaurants, prefer slow, relaxing music, which, believe it or not, can also make you drink more. The tempo of music is linked to your bodys arousal level, or the speed at which your nervous system operates.Fast music heightens arousal :he), so patrons will do everything more quickly, including eating and drinking and leaving their infant by the salad bar. Which is good for a restaurant owner if hes Just concerned with getting you out the door so he can serve more (and presumably better) people. On the other hand, slower music means that you eat at a more leisurely pace. Maybe youll even stay to chat with your companions after youre done Ninth your meal. All this time passing means youre likely to buy more drinks every time the waiter comes around to ask, and at a restaurant thats charging $70 a bottle,

Jane Ayre Analysis Essays - English-language Films, British Films

Jane Ayre Analysis English 360 Final Draft/ Paper 1 February 25, 1999 Jane Eyre - Analysis of Nature Charlotte Bronte makes use of nature imagery throughout Jane Eyre, and comments on both the human relationship with the outdoors and human nature. The following are examples from the novel that exhibit the importance of nature during that time period. Several natural themes run through the novel, one of which is the image of a stormy sea. After Jane saves Rochester's life, she gives us the following metaphor of their relationship: Till morning dawned I was tossed on a buoyant but unquiet sea . . . I thought sometimes I saw beyond its wild waters a shore . . . now and then a freshening gale, wakened by hope, bore my spirit triumphantly towards the bourne: but . . . a counteracting breeze blew off land, and continually drove me back(Bront? 159). The gale is all the forces that prevent Jane's union with Rochester. Bront? implies that Jane's feelings about the sea driving her back remind her of her heart felt emotions of a rocky relationship with Rochester and still being drawn back to him. Another recurrent image is Bront?'s treatment of Birds. We first witness Jane's fascination when she reads Bewick's History of British Birds as a child. She reads of death-white realms and 'the solitary rocks and promontories' of sea-fowl. One can see how Jane identifies with the bird. For her it is a form of escape, the idea of flying above the toils of every day life. Several times the narrator talks of feeding birds crumbs. Perhaps Bront? is telling us that this idea of escape is no more than a fantasy-one cannot escape when one must return for basic sustenance. The link between Jane and birds is strengthened by the way Bront? adumbrates poor nutrition at Lowood through a bird who is described as a little hungry robin. Bront? brings the buoyant sea theme and the bird theme together in the passage describing the first painting of Jane's that Rochester examines. This painting depicts a turbulent sea with a sunken ship, and on the mast perches a cormorant with a gold bracelet in its mouth, apparently taken from a drowning body. While the imagery is perhaps too imprecise to afford an exact interpretation, a possible explanation can be derived from the context of previous treatments of these themes. The sea is surely a metaphor for Rochester and Jane's relationship, as we have already seen. Rochester is often described as a dark and dangerous man, which fits the likeness of a cormorant; it is therefore likely that Bront? sees him as the sea bird. As we shall see later, Jane goes through a sort of symbolic death, so it makes sense for her to represent the drowned corpse. The gold bracelet can be the purity and innocence of the old Jane that Rochester managed to capture before she left him. Having established some of the nature themes in Jane Eyre, we can now look at the natural cornerstone of the novel: the passage between her flight from Thornfield and her acceptance into Morton. In leaving Thornfield, Jane has severed all her connections; she has cut through any umbilical cord. She narrates: Not a tie holds me to human society at this moment(Bront? 340). After only taking a small parcel with her from Thornfield, she leaves even that in the coach she rents. Gone are all references to Rochester, or even her past life. A sensible heroine might have gone to find her uncle, but Jane needed to leave her old life behind. Jane is seeking a return to the womb of mother nature: I have no relative but the universal mother, Nature: I will seek her breast and ask repose(Bront? 340). We see how she seeks protection as she searches for a resting place: I struck straight into the heath; I held on to a hollow I saw deeply furrowing the brown moorside; I waded knee-deep in its dark growth; I turned with its turnings, and finding a moss-blackened granite crag in a hidden angle, I sat down under it. High banks of moor were about me; the crag protected my head: the sky was over that (Bront? 340). It is the